![]() ![]() History A 19th-century hand-cranked laboratory centrifuge.Įnglish military engineer Benjamin Robins (1707–1751) invented a whirling arm apparatus to determine drag. Gas centrifuges are used for isotope separation, such as to enrich nuclear fuel for fissile isotopes. Medium-sized centrifuges are used in washing machines and at some swimming pools to draw water out of fabrics. ![]() Large centrifuges are used to simulate high gravity or acceleration environments (for example, high-G training for test pilots). Very high speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges able to provide very high accelerations can separate fine particles down to the nano-scale, and molecules of different masses. An example is the cream separator found in dairies. Industrial scale centrifuges are commonly used in manufacturing and waste processing to sediment suspended solids, or to separate immiscible liquids. A centrifuge can be a very effective filter that separates contaminants from the main body of fluid. In a laboratory centrifuge that uses sample tubes, the radial acceleration causes denser particles to settle to the bottom of the tube, while low-density substances rise to the top. At the same time, objects that are less dense are displaced and moved to the centre. It works by causing denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby separating fluids of different densities (e.g. ![]() These angle rotors are very popular in the lab for routine use.Ī centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to subject a specimen to a specified constant force, for example to separate various components of a fluid. As the centrifugal force is in the horizontal plane and the tubes are fixed at an angle, the particles have to travel only a short distance before they hit the wall of the tube and then slide down to the bottom. Sample tubes are placed in these slots and the motor is spun. The rotating unit, called the rotor, has fixed holes drilled at an angle (to the vertical), visible inside the smooth silver rim. For other uses, see Centrifuge (disambiguation). This article is about the scientific device. ![]()
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